Best Soil for Gardening in New Mexico

New Mexico has 43 USDA soil survey areas, and they vary considerably in how friendly the ground is for growing things. We ranked every survey area by the percentage of well-drained soil — the single most important soil property for most garden plants.

At the top, De Baca County, New Mexico has 100% well-drained soils — conditions where most vegetables, herbs, and flowers can thrive with basic soil preparation. At the other end, White Sands National Monument, New Mexico comes in at 28%, meaning more of the landscape has drainage challenges that may require raised beds, soil amendments, or careful site selection for a productive garden.

Remember that these are area-wide averages. Even in a low-ranking survey area, individual properties can have excellent garden soil. Look up your specific address for exact conditions.

#Survey AreaWell-Drained SoilsDominant DrainageDominant Soil Order
1 De Baca County, New Mexico 100% Well drained Aridisols
2 Lincoln County Area, New Mexico 100% Well drained Mollisols
3 Mescalero-Apache Area, New Mexico 100% Well drained Mollisols
4 Grant County, New Mexico, Central and Southern Parts 100% Well drained Mollisols
5 Chaves County, New Mexico, Northern Part 99% Well drained Aridisols
6 Guadalupe County, New Mexico 99% Well drained Aridisols
7 Union County, New Mexico 99% Well drained Mollisols
8 Colfax County, New Mexico 99% Well drained Mollisols
9 San Miguel County Area, New Mexico 99% Well drained Mollisols
10 Chaves County, New Mexico, Southern Part 99% Well drained Aridisols
11 Carson National Forest, New Mexico, Part of Rio Arriba County 98% Well drained Alfisols
12 Cibola Area, New Mexico, Parts of Cibola, McKinley, and Valencia Counties 98% Well drained Entisols
13 Mora County Area, New Mexico 98% Well drained Mollisols
14 Jicarilla Apache Nation, Parts of Rio Arriba and Sandoval Counties, New Mexico 98% Well drained Entisols
15 Sierra County Area, New Mexico 98% Well drained Aridisols
16 Hidalgo County, New Mexico 97% Well drained Aridisols
17 Santa Fe National Forest Area, New Mexico, Parts of Los Alamos, Mora, Rio Arriba, Sandoval, San Miguel and Santa Fe Counties 97% Well drained Alfisols
18 Curry County and Southwest Part of Quay County, New Mexico 97% Well drained Mollisols
19 Otero Area, New Mexico, Parts of Otero, Eddy and Chaves Counties 96% Well drained Aridisols
20 Taos County and Parts of Rio Arriba and Mora Counties, New Mexico 95% Well drained Alfisols
21 Roosevelt County, New Mexico 95% Well drained Aridisols
22 Rio Arriba Area, New Mexico, Parts of Rio Arriba and Sandoval Counties 94% Well drained Entisols
23 Tucumcari Area, Northern Quay County, New Mexico 94% Well drained Aridisols
24 Catron County, New Mexico, Northern Part 94% Well drained Mollisols
25 Torrance Area, New Mexico 94% Well drained Aridisols
26 Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico 94% Well drained Aridisols
27 Dona Ana County Area, New Mexico 93% Well drained Entisols
28 Luna County, New Mexico 92% Well drained Aridisols
29 Socorro County Area, New Mexico 92% Well drained Aridisols
30 Harding County, New Mexico 90% Well drained Mollisols
31 Lea County, New Mexico 89% Well drained Aridisols
32 Shiprock Area, Parts of San Juan County, New Mexico and Apache County, Arizona 89% Well drained Aridisols
33 McKinley County Area, New Mexico, McKinley County and Parts of Cibola and San Juan Counties 88% Well drained Entisols
34 Eddy Area, New Mexico 88% Well drained Aridisols
35 Cabezon Area, New Mexico 86% Well drained Entisols
36 Sandoval County Area, New Mexico, Parts of Los Alamos, Sandoval, and Rio Arriba Counties 85% Well drained Entisols
37 Valencia County, New Mexico, Eastern Part 84% Well drained Entisols
38 Santa Fe County Area, New Mexico 82% Well drained Aridisols
39 Bernalillo County and Parts of Sandoval and Valencia Counties, New Mexico 76% Well drained Entisols
40 Fort Bliss Military Reservation, New Mexico and Texas 76% Well drained Aridisols
41 White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, Parts of Dona Ana, Lincoln, Otero, Sierra and Socorro Counties 74% Well drained Aridisols
42 San Juan County, New Mexico, Eastern Part 73% Well drained Entisols
43 White Sands National Monument, New Mexico 28% Excessively drained Aridisols