Soil Texture (Sand, Silt, Clay)

Soil texture describes the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles in a soil. It's the single most important physical property because it controls water movement, nutrient retention, and workability.

Sand (0.05-2mm) — Large particles. Fast drainage, low water retention, low fertility. Easy to dig.

Silt (0.002-0.05mm) — Medium particles. Good water retention, moderate fertility. Feels smooth and flour-like.

Clay (<0.002mm) — Tiny particles. Very high water retention, high fertility, but poor drainage. Sticky when wet, hard when dry.

Loam — A balanced mix of sand, silt, and clay. This is the "goldilocks" texture for most uses — good drainage, good water retention, good fertility. Garden soil is usually described as loamy.

Look up your address to see the specific soil conditions at your property, or browse the full glossary for more terms.