Cumberland County and Part of Oxford County, Maine
The most common soil here is Hermon, on about 8% of the land: a sandy loam, gritty and crumbly. Windsor and Paxton come next.
About 40% of the land drains well, and 21% stays wet for long stretches; groundwater comes within two feet of the surface under 33% of it.
USDA rates 81% of the land very limited for a standard septic drain field, and 57% very limited for homes with basements. That means extra cost or special design, not that it can't be done.
Worth knowing: 2% of the land floods occasionally or more, and bedrock lies within 40 inches under 11% of it.
Soils change over short distances, so look up an address below for the soil at that exact spot and the reasons behind each rating.
The soils you're most likely standing on
The biggest named soils in Cumberland County and Part of Oxford County, Maine, each drawn five feet deep from its official USDA description, in its recorded colors.
Dots mark gravel; white flecks mark lime. Shares are by acres across the survey area, and each mapped patch usually mixes several of these soils.
The biggest mapped areas
The dominant drainage class is Somewhat excessively drained and the dominant hydrologic group is A (high infiltration, low runoff). The most common soil order is Spodosols — acidic forest soils with a distinctive leached layer, common under conifers. This report summarizes the major soil map units across the survey area to help you understand what to expect when buying, building, or gardening in Cumberland County and Part of Oxford County, Maine. Search your address to find the exact soil composition, drainage, and series details at your specific location.
| Soil Map Unit | Acres | Drainage | Hydro Group | Dwellings | Septic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | 125K | Not rated | Not rated | ||
| Scantic silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes | 33K | Poorly drained | D | Very limited | Very limited |
| Lamoine silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes | 31K | Somewhat poorly drained | C/D | Very limited | Very limited |
| Windsor loamy sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes | 31K | Excessively drained | A | Not limited | Very limited |
| Hermon sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony | 29K | Somewhat excessively drained | A | Somewhat limited | Very limited |
| Hinckley loamy sand, 3 to 8 percent slopes | 18K | Excessively drained | A | Not limited | Very limited |
| Lyman-Tunbridge complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes, rocky | 15K | Somewhat excessively drained | D | Very limited | Very limited |
| Deerfield loamy fine sand, 3 to 8 percent slopes | 14K | Moderately well drained | A | Very limited | Very limited |
| Skerry-Colonel association, 0 to 15 percent slopes, very stony | 14K | Moderately well drained | C/D | Very limited | Very limited |
| Lyman-Abram complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very rocky | 14K | Somewhat excessively drained | D | Very limited | Very limited |
| Paxton fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes | 12K | Well drained | C | Somewhat limited | Very limited |
| Nicholville very fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes | 12K | Moderately well drained | C | Very limited | Very limited |
| Lyman-Tunbridge complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, rocky | 12K | Somewhat excessively drained | D | Very limited | Very limited |
| Paxton very stony fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes | 11K | Well drained | C | Somewhat limited | Very limited |
| Suffield silt loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes, eroded | 11K | Moderately well drained | C | Very limited | Very limited |
| Woodbridge very stony fine sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes | 11K | Moderately well drained | C | Very limited | Very limited |
| Sebago mucky peat | 10K | Very poorly drained | A/D | Very limited | Very limited |
| Hermon sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes, very stony | 10K | Somewhat excessively drained | A | Not limited | Very limited |
| Colonel-Brayton assocation, 0 to 8 percent slopes, very stony | 10K | Somewhat poorly drained | D | Very limited | Very limited |
| Paxton fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes | 10K | Well drained | C | Somewhat limited | Very limited |
Soil Orders in This Area
The USDA classifies every soil into one of 12 soil orders. Here are the dominant orders found in this survey area.
What This Means
Building & Foundations
About 57% of soils are rated "very limited" for dwellings with basements. Specific challenges include shallow bedrock, steep slopes, poor drainage in some areas, sandy or gravelly soils with low bearing capacity. A geotechnical assessment is recommended before building.
Septic Systems
About 81% of soils are rated "very limited" for septic absorption fields. The well-drained soils may actually drain too fast for standard leach fields, allowing effluent to reach groundwater. Engineered or alternative systems are frequently required. Always get a professional perc test before purchasing land that needs septic.
Gardening & Agriculture
Soils tend to drain very quickly, meaning nutrients and water don't stick around long. Raised beds with amended soil, drip irrigation, and heavy mulching will give the best results. Compost is your best friend here — it improves water retention dramatically.