Clayton County, Iowa
The most common soil here is Fayette, on about 35% of the land: a silt loam, smooth, like flour. Downs and Nordness come next.
About 83% of the land drains well, and 8% stays wet for long stretches; groundwater comes within two feet of the surface under 9% of it.
USDA rates 96% of the land very limited for a standard septic drain field, and 56% very limited for homes with basements. That means extra cost or special design, not that it can't be done.
Worth knowing: 12% of the land floods occasionally or more, and bedrock lies within 40 inches under 23% of it.
Soils change over short distances, so look up an address below for the soil at that exact spot and the reasons behind each rating.
The soils you're most likely standing on
The biggest named soils in Clayton County, Iowa, each drawn five feet deep from its official USDA description, in its recorded colors.
Dots mark gravel; white flecks mark lime. Shares are by acres across the survey area, and each mapped patch usually mixes several of these soils.
The biggest mapped areas
The dominant drainage class is Well drained and the dominant hydrologic group is C (slow infiltration, moderate runoff). The most common soil order is Alfisols — moderately leached forest soils with a clay-enriched subsoil. This report summarizes the major soil map units across the survey area to help you understand what to expect when buying, building, or gardening in Clayton County, Iowa. Search your address to find the exact soil composition, drainage, and series details at your specific location.
| Soil Map Unit | Acres | Drainage | Hydro Group | Dwellings | Septic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fayette silt loam, 9 to 14 percent slopes, moderately eroded | 69K | Well drained | C | Somewhat limited | Very limited |
| Fayette silt loam, 14 to 18 percent slopes, moderately eroded | 39K | Well drained | C | Very limited | Very limited |
| Rock outcrop-Nordness complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes | 38K | Well drained | Very limited | Very limited | |
| Nordness silt loam, 14 to 25 percent slopes | 29K | Well drained | D | Very limited | Very limited |
| Downs silt loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes, moderately eroded | 29K | Well drained | C | Somewhat limited | Very limited |
| Downs silt loam, 9 to 14 percent slopes, moderately eroded | 26K | Well drained | C | Somewhat limited | Very limited |
| Fayette silt loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes, moderately eroded | 24K | Well drained | C | Somewhat limited | Very limited |
| Fayette-Dubuque silt loams, 18 to 30 percent slopes | 13K | Well drained | C | Very limited | Very limited |
| Fayette silt loam, 14 to 18 percent slopes | 12K | Well drained | C | Very limited | Very limited |
| Fayette silt loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes | 11K | Well drained | C | Somewhat limited | Very limited |
| Water | 11K | Not rated | Not rated | ||
| Fayette silt loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes | 11K | Well drained | C | Very limited | Very limited |
| Dubuque silt loam, 14 to 18 percent slopes, moderately eroded | 9K | Well drained | C | Very limited | Very limited |
| Fayette silt loam, 9 to 14 percent slopes | 9K | Well drained | C | Somewhat limited | Very limited |
| Dorchester silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes | 9K | Moderately well drained | B | Very limited | Very limited |
| Otter-Worthen silt loams, 1 to 4 percent slopes | 9K | Poorly drained | B/D | Very limited | Very limited |
| Dorchester-Volney complex, 1 to 5 percent slopes | 8K | Moderately well drained | B | Very limited | Very limited |
| Downs silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes | 8K | Well drained | C | Somewhat limited | Very limited |
| Fayette silt loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes, moderately eroded | 7K | Well drained | C | Very limited | Very limited |
| Caneek silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes | 6K | Poorly drained | B/D | Very limited | Very limited |
Soil Orders in This Area
The USDA classifies every soil into one of 12 soil orders. Here are the dominant orders found in this survey area.
What This Means
Building & Foundations
About 56% of soils are rated "very limited" for dwellings with basements. Specific challenges include shallow bedrock, steep slopes, poor drainage in some areas, flood-prone areas. A geotechnical assessment is recommended before building.
Septic Systems
About 96% of soils are rated "very limited" for septic absorption fields. Despite good drainage overall, limitations may stem from shallow bedrock, steep slopes, or seasonal conditions. Engineered or alternative systems are frequently required. Always get a professional perc test before purchasing land that needs septic.
Gardening & Agriculture
Well-drained soils on sloped terrain — good for most plants but watch for erosion. Terracing, contour planting, and mulching help retain moisture and topsoil. Drip irrigation is more effective than sprinklers on slopes.